Rosmarinic Acid Protects the Testes of Rats against Cell Phone and Ultra-high Frequency Waves
Keywords
Compared with control, 915 MHz (cell phone) and 2450 MHz (UHF) radiation significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content (P<0.001). UHF exposure significantly increased oxidative stress indices and was associated with reduced tes…
Study snapshot
Abstract
Rosmarinic Acid Protects the Testes of Rats against Cell Phone and Ultra-high Frequency Waves Induced Toxicity Fatahi Asl J, Goudarzi M, Mansouri E, Shoghi H. Rosmarinic Acid Protects the Testes of Rats against Cell Phone and Ultra-high Frequency Waves Induced Toxicity. Iran J Med Sci. 2024 Apr 1;49(4):237–46. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97695.2952. Abstract Background: Cell phone and Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) waves produce oxidative stress and cause testicular toxicity. This investigation was directed to evaluate the effectiveness of Rosmarinic Acid (RA) against oxidative stress caused by UHF radiation in rats. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The control received 5 mL normal saline (0.9% NaCl) by gavage, the cell phone group received 915 MHz, the UHF waves group just received 2450 MHz, the RA/cell phone group received RA plus 915 MHz, RA/UHF waves group received RA plus 2450 MHz, and RA just received RA (20 mg/kg). After 30 days of consecutive radiation, the biochemical and histopathological parameters of their testes were measured. Statistical comparison was made using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Cell phone and UHF wave radiation significantly diminished the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione content (P<0.001). On the opposite, UHF significantly increased oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide level, and protein carbonyl content (P<0.001). UHF also significantly reduced the number of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, epithelial height, and seminiferous tubular and luminal diameters (P<0.001). RA, as an effective antioxidant, reverses the above-mentioned harms and moderates the adverse effects of UHF on the testes of rats by significantly diminishing the oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzyme rise and improving the histological parameters (P<0.001). Conclusion: RA can protect the testes of rats from UHF-induced toxicity by reducing oxidative stress. RA as a food supplement might be useful for protecting humans exposed to UHF environmental contamination. Open access paper: ijms.sums.ac.ir
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
Compared with control, 915 MHz (cell phone) and 2450 MHz (UHF) radiation significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content (P<0.001). UHF exposure significantly increased oxidative stress indices and was associated with reduced testicular cell counts and adverse histological changes (P<0.001). Rosmarinic acid (20 mg/kg) given with exposures significantly mitigated these biochemical and histological changes (P<0.001).
Outcomes measured
- Testicular oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl)
- Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)
- Glutathione content
- Testicular histopathology (Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, epithelial height, seminiferous tubular diameter, luminal diameter)
Limitations
- Animal study (rats), limiting direct applicability to humans
- No SAR (specific absorption rate) reported in abstract
- Exposure setup details (e.g., power density, distance, modulation) not provided in abstract
- Outcomes limited to biochemical and histopathological parameters; fertility endpoints not stated
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "animal",
"exposure": {
"band": "RF",
"source": "mobile phone",
"frequency_mhz": 915,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "30 days of consecutive radiation"
},
"population": "Male Wistar rats",
"sample_size": 42,
"outcomes": [
"Testicular oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl)",
"Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)",
"Glutathione content",
"Testicular histopathology (Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, epithelial height, seminiferous tubular diameter, luminal diameter)"
],
"main_findings": "Compared with control, 915 MHz (cell phone) and 2450 MHz (UHF) radiation significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content (P<0.001). UHF exposure significantly increased oxidative stress indices and was associated with reduced testicular cell counts and adverse histological changes (P<0.001). Rosmarinic acid (20 mg/kg) given with exposures significantly mitigated these biochemical and histological changes (P<0.001).",
"effect_direction": "harm",
"limitations": [
"Animal study (rats), limiting direct applicability to humans",
"No SAR (specific absorption rate) reported in abstract",
"Exposure setup details (e.g., power density, distance, modulation) not provided in abstract",
"Outcomes limited to biochemical and histopathological parameters; fertility endpoints not stated"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.86,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"rosmarinic acid",
"testes",
"oxidative stress",
"Wistar rats",
"915 MHz",
"2450 MHz",
"UHF",
"cell phone radiation",
"antioxidant enzymes",
"histopathology"
],
"suggested_hubs": [
{
"slug": "rf-health-effects",
"weight": 0.78,
"reason": "Animal experiment assessing biological effects of RF/UHF exposure on testes and oxidative stress."
}
]
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97695.2952
PubMed: Not supplied